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GNDU Question Paper-2021
Bachelor of Business Administration
BBA 5
th
Semester
ENGLISH (Compulsory)
Time Allowed: Three Hours Max. Marks: 50
Note : Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION-A
1. Discuss the following questions:
(i) Arthur Miller's All My Sons was an attack on war profiteers. Discuss.
(ii) All My Sons examines the notions of personal responsibility and obligation to society.
What are they?
2. Explore the literary devices employed by the writer in designing a true portrayal of
contemporary American society. Discuss.
SECTION-B
3. Write notes:
(i) Central idea of the poem 'She Walks in Beauty'.
(ii) Theme of the poem 'Mirror'.
4. Explain the following stanza with reference to the context:
I hold it true, whate'er befall;
I feel it, when I sorrow most;
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Tis better to have loved and lost
Than never to have loved at all.
SECTION-C
5. Write a letter to the Editor of the Newspaper describing the impact of Demonetization
on Pubjab Economy.
6. Write an application for the post of Business Researcher in a Multi National Company.
SECTION-D
7. Write a Resume for the job of a CEO in a Multi National Company.
8. Write down a report on the decline in Business during Covid 19 in Punjab.
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GNDU Answer Paper-2021
Bachelor of Business Administration
BBA 5
th
Semester
ENGLISH (Compulsory)
Time Allowed: Three Hours Max. Marks: 50
Note : Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION-A
1. Discuss the following questions:
(i) Arthur Miller's All My Sons was an attack on war profiteers. Discuss.
(ii) All My Sons examines the notions of personal responsibility and obligation to society.
What are they?
Ans: A Different Beginning
Imagine a small town in America just after World War II. The war has ended, soldiers are
coming back home, families are trying to heal, and businesses are booming because the
country needs to rebuild. But hidden behind this cheerful picture are some uncomfortable
truths. Some people made a lot of money from the war—not by fighting in it, not by
sacrificing their lives, but by selling supplies, weapons, or parts for military equipment. Some
of these people didn’t even care if what they sold was safe, as long as they made profit.
Now, Arthur Miller, a playwright who believed that drama should hold a mirror to society,
wrote All My Sons in 1947. He wanted to shake the conscience of his audience. He wanted
them to ask: “What does it mean to be responsible? Do we owe something only to our
families, or do we owe something to the larger society too?”
That is what makes All My Sons so powerful. It is not just a play about one family—it is a
moral question written on stage.
With that picture in your mind, let us dive into the two questions.
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(i) All My Sons was an attack on war profiteers. Discuss.
To understand this, we need to know who a “war profiteer” is. Imagine someone selling
medicines during a flood. People are desperate. Instead of helping, this person doubles the
price. Worse, imagine if he sold fake medicine—he still gets money, but the sick people
suffer. That is what war profiteering looks like, just on a bigger and deadlier scale.
In All My Sons, the main character Joe Keller owns a factory that makes airplane parts.
During the war, his factory produced cracked cylinder heads, which could cause planes to
crash. Instead of rejecting them and losing money, Joe approved their shipment to the
army. The result? Twenty-one pilots died because their planes failed mid-air.
Arthur Miller used this shocking situation to show how some businessmen treated war not
as a tragedy, but as an opportunity. They thought: “If I don’t supply, I’ll lose contracts. If I
lose contracts, I’ll lose profit. So, let me just cover it up and keep the money flowing.”
This is exactly what Joe Keller did. He wanted to protect his business and ensure a future for
his family, especially his sons. He justified his crime by saying, “I did it for you—for the
family.”
But Miller shows us the dark side of this thinking. Yes, Joe saved his business, but at the cost
of other people’s children. He wanted to secure his son’s future, but ironically, his own
actions destroyed his family’s peace. His elder son Larry, when he found out about Joe’s
crime, couldn’t live with the shame. He took his own life.
So, was All My Sons an attack on war profiteers? Absolutely. Miller was saying: “You cannot
make money out of blood. You cannot call yourself innocent if your profit comes from other
people’s suffering.”
The play is Miller’s reminder that war profiteering is not just about numbers in a business
account. It has faces, names, and consequences. Every dollar earned dishonestly during war
equals a life lost or ruined.
In short, Joe Keller is not just a character. He is a symbol of those businessmen who
betrayed society for personal gain. Miller wanted the audience to feel uncomfortable, to
look around their own communities and ask: “Do we know any Joe Kellers among us?”
(ii) All My Sons examines the notions of personal responsibility and obligation to society.
What are they?
Now, let’s take this question step by step.
Think about life like a web. Each of us is a thread in that web—connected to family, friends,
neighbors, and strangers we may never meet. If one thread breaks, the whole web
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trembles. Responsibility, therefore, is not just about keeping your own thread strong, but
also about making sure the whole web doesn’t collapse.
Arthur Miller explores exactly this idea in All My Sons.
1. Personal Responsibility
Personal responsibility means the duty you have towards yourself and your immediate
circle—your family, your job, your promises. For Joe Keller, personal responsibility was all
about his family. He believed a father’s main duty is to protect his children and secure their
future. That’s why he kept repeating: “I did it for my sons.”
At first, this sounds noble. After all, who doesn’t want to provide for their children? But
Miller cleverly shows us the danger of taking personal responsibility too narrowly. Joe
thought only of his biological family. He ignored the fact that the young pilots who died
were also someone’s sons. Their mothers also waited for them. Their families also loved
them.
By focusing only on his own family, Joe failed in his bigger responsibility as a human being.
Personal responsibility cannot be a selfish excuse. It must be balanced with moral choices.
2. Obligation to Society
Now, this is where the play becomes bigger than one man’s story. Arthur Miller asks: “Do
we live only for our family, or do we live also for society?”
Chris Keller, Joe’s surviving son, represents this voice of social responsibility. He fought in
the war and saw men sacrificing their lives not for personal gain, but for the safety of the
nation. To Chris, those sacrifices meant that every individual had to think beyond
themselves.
He tells his father, in a powerful speech:
“Don’t you live in the world? Don’t you have a country? Aren’t there men flying planes out of
your factory?”
Chris’s words remind us that society is like one big family. Just because someone is not
related by blood doesn’t mean we can ignore our duty toward them. If every businessman,
doctor, teacher, or leader thought only of themselves, society would collapse.
3. The Balance Between the Two
Arthur Miller does not say that family responsibility is unimportant. Of course, family
matters. But he warns us that if we treat family as the only thing that matters, then we
become blind to the larger picture.
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True responsibility is a balance. A good person cares for their family, but also ensures that
their actions don’t harm society. Joe Keller failed in this balance. He chose profit and family
security, but in doing so, he betrayed society and ultimately destroyed his own family too.
In the climax, when Joe realizes that the pilots were also “his sons” in a larger sense, he
cannot live with the guilt. His suicide is not just a punishment—it is Miller’s tragic message
that when we ignore social responsibility, we invite our own downfall.
Why This Still Matters Today
You might wonder: “Okay, but the play is from 1947. Why should we care now?”
Look around. The questions are still alive.
• When companies sell harmful products just for profit, aren’t they behaving like Joe
Keller?
• When someone dumps waste into a river, thinking only of saving money, aren’t they
ignoring their obligation to society?
• When governments or businesses put profit above safety, the same moral debate
arises.
Miller’s play continues to remind us: Responsibility is not private—it is public.
Wrapping Up Like a Story
So, if I were to wrap this entire discussion like a story, here is how I’d put it:
Arthur Miller’s All My Sons is like a moral detective story. At first, it seems to be about one
family, their business, and their hidden secret. But as the layers unfold, we realize it is about
something far bigger—the choices we make as human beings.
Yes, the play attacks war profiteers. It shows us the ugly truth that behind every dishonest
dollar earned during wartime, there may be a coffin carrying someone’s son.
And yes, the play explores personal responsibility versus social obligation. It shows us that
while family is important, we cannot forget that every family is part of a larger society. To
harm society is to harm our own family in the long run.
Miller doesn’t preach this like a sermon. He lets the tragedy speak for itself. By the time Joe
Keller realizes that “they were all my sons”, the audience already knows the truth: We are all
connected, and our responsibilities stretch far beyond the walls of our home.
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That’s why All My Sons still feels fresh, even decades later. It is not just a play. It is a wake-
up call.
2. Explore the literary devices employed by the writer in designing a true portrayal of
contemporary American society. Discuss.
Ans: A Window into America: How Writers Use Literary Devices to Mirror Society
Imagine for a moment that literature is a mirror. But not an ordinary mirror—this one does
not just reflect a person’s face. Instead, it reflects a whole society—its joys, struggles,
dreams, and contradictions. When we look into it, we don’t just see characters and plots;
we see the America of today, alive with its diversity, its conflicts, its hopes, and its flaws.
Now, how do writers manage to turn a simple story about a character into something that
feels like the entire American society is speaking through those pages? The secret lies in
their use of literary devices—those artistic tools that transform plain storytelling into
something rich, layered, and meaningful.
In this essay, let’s take a journey through the different literary devices that writers employ
to create a true portrayal of contemporary American society. And instead of reading it like
a stiff classroom lecture, let’s unfold it like a story—because, after all, literature itself is
storytelling.
1. Symbolism: Turning Objects into Larger Truths
Think of symbolism as a writer’s magic trick. A simple object suddenly carries a meaning
much bigger than itself.
For example, in many American novels and short stories, a house is not just a house. It
becomes a symbol of the American Dream—the promise that if you work hard enough,
you’ll own your own home, live comfortably, and achieve stability. But often writers twist
this symbol to show the cracks in that dream. A broken-down house or a home lost to debt
might symbolize the failure of that dream for many people in contemporary America.
By turning everyday things into powerful symbols, writers invite us to see society itself
through those objects. The empty shopping mall might symbolize consumerism gone wrong.
A character’s car might symbolize freedom—or the crushing weight of loans.
Through symbolism, literature captures America’s material desires, its ambitions, and also
its disappointments.
2. Satire: Holding Up a Funhouse Mirror
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If symbolism is subtle, satire is bold and loud. Satire is when writers expose the flaws of
society by exaggerating them, often in a humorous or ironic way.
Contemporary American writers often use satire to highlight issues like politics,
consumerism, racial inequality, or the obsession with technology. By making us laugh or
shake our heads at exaggerated versions of reality, they make us realize that these
exaggerated versions are not too far from the truth.
For instance, think of a novel that mocks America’s obsession with reality TV. The
exaggerated characters, desperate for fame, make us laugh, but at the same time, they
force us to ask: Is this really how far society has gone?
Satire makes social critique palatable. Instead of pointing fingers directly, it uses humor as a
weapon—and in doing so, it paints a brutally honest picture of contemporary America.
3. Realism: The Art of Everyday Truth
Another major tool is realism—writing that captures life exactly as it is. No exaggeration, no
fantasy, just the raw, unfiltered details of people’s daily lives.
When an author describes a single mother juggling two jobs, the stress of medical bills, or
the tension of racial profiling, they aren’t just telling a story about one person. They’re
reflecting the struggles of thousands, maybe millions, of Americans.
Realism makes literature relatable. Readers recognize themselves in the characters, and in
doing so, they realize that literature isn’t just about imaginary worlds—it’s about their own
world. In this way, realism becomes a mirror of contemporary society’s struggles and
triumphs.
4. Imagery: Painting America with Words
If realism shows life as it is, imagery makes us feel it. Through vivid descriptions, writers
make us see, hear, smell, taste, and touch the very texture of American life.
Think of a description of a bustling New York street: honking taxis, the smell of roasted
peanuts from a street vendor, the chatter of tourists. Or a description of a quiet suburban
street: neatly cut lawns, kids on bicycles, the sound of sprinklers.
These aren’t just pretty descriptions. They tell us about class differences, lifestyles, and the
cultural fabric of America. Urban life versus suburban life. Wealth versus poverty. Diversity
versus isolation.
Imagery helps the reader not just read about America, but experience it.
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5. Irony: Saying One Thing, Meaning Another
Irony is one of the cleverest devices writers use. In contemporary American literature, irony
often reveals the gap between what society promises and what it delivers.
Take the so-called “land of freedom.” Writers may create characters who are technically
“free” but still trapped by poverty, racism, or inequality. The irony exposes the
contradictions at the heart of American society.
Irony can be sharp, even painful, because it forces us to question whether America is living
up to its own ideals.
6. Characterization: Making Individuals Stand for Millions
Characters in literature are never just individuals. They often represent groups, classes, or
communities within society.
The struggling immigrant character might represent the larger immigrant experience in
America. The wealthy business executive might symbolize corporate greed. The teenager
glued to their phone might embody a generation obsessed with technology.
By carefully crafting characters, writers transform private lives into social commentary. We
don’t just read about “John” or “Maria”—we read about what it means to be American
today.
7. Dialogue and Vernacular: Capturing the Voice of Society
Another powerful device is dialogue—the way characters speak. Writers often use authentic
speech patterns, regional slang, or cultural dialects to bring out the diversity of voices in
America.
The casual slang of teenagers, the formal speech of politicians, the lyrical tone of immigrant
families speaking English as a second language—all these voices reflect the patchwork
identity of contemporary America.
When we hear these voices in literature, it’s as though we’re hearing the society itself
speak.
8. Metaphor and Allegory: Layers Beneath the Surface
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Metaphors and allegories allow writers to tell two stories at once: the surface story and the
deeper one.
For example, a story about a storm destroying a city might be a metaphor for climate
change or political chaos. An allegory about animals fighting for power on a farm might
represent struggles in human society.
In contemporary American writing, metaphors often highlight abstract issues like identity,
racism, inequality, or the conflict between tradition and modernity.
Through these layered meanings, writers create a portrait of society that is both simple to
follow and infinitely deep.
9. Fragmented Narratives and Nonlinear Storytelling
America today is fast-paced, chaotic, and diverse. To reflect this, many contemporary
writers experiment with nonlinear storytelling—stories that jump between time periods,
perspectives, or styles.
This fragmented style mirrors the fragmented reality of modern American life: social media
snippets, endless news cycles, and the constant bombardment of information.
By breaking traditional storytelling, writers mirror the fractured identity of society itself.
10. Juxtaposition: Contrasting Worlds Side by Side
Writers often place contrasting elements together to highlight inequalities or differences in
society.
A novel might shift between a wealthy suburban family and a poor immigrant
neighborhood. By putting them side by side, the writer forces readers to confront the
inequality of contemporary America.
Juxtaposition makes the contrasts in society visible—wealth and poverty, tradition and
modernity, unity and division.
Why All This Matters
At this point, you might wonder: Why do writers go through all this trouble? Why not just
write directly about society instead of using literary devices?
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The answer is simple: literary devices make readers feel the truth rather than just know it.
Facts and statistics about American society may inform us, but literature moves us. It
creates empathy. It makes us care.
When a writer uses symbolism, we see hidden meanings. When they use satire, we laugh
and then reflect. When they use realism, we feel the weight of someone’s struggle. When
they use imagery, we live in that world.
All of these together create not just a story, but a portrait of society so alive that we cannot
ignore it.
Conclusion: Literature as America’s Mirror
If we return to the image of literature as a mirror, we now see that this mirror is complex. It
doesn’t just show one face. It reflects the skyscrapers of New York, the farms of the
Midwest, the struggles of immigrants, the dreams of students, the pain of inequality, and
the laughter of shared culture.
And the reason this mirror is so powerful is because of the literary devices that shape it.
Symbolism, satire, realism, imagery, irony, characterization, dialogue, metaphor, allegory,
and juxtaposition—all combine to make literature a living, breathing portrait of
contemporary America.
In the end, when we read American literature, we aren’t just reading stories. We are
peeking into the heart of a society—its dreams, its conflicts, its voices. Literature is not only
art; it is America speaking to itself, and to the world.
SECTION-B
3. Write notes:
(i) Central idea of the poem 'She Walks in Beauty'.
(ii) Theme of the poem 'Mirror'.
Ans: (i) Central Idea of the Poem She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron
Let’s begin with a little imagination.
Suppose one evening, you are walking down a street, and suddenly, you see someone
whose presence makes you stop for a second. That person is not dressed in glittering
clothes, not showing off, not even trying to look extraordinary. Yet, something about
them—their simplicity, calmness, and natural grace—just captures your heart. You cannot
even explain why, but you feel that their beauty is something deeper than just good looks.
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This is exactly what Lord Byron felt when he saw a lady dressed in black, shining not with
jewels but with simplicity. Inspired by her, he wrote the famous poem She Walks in Beauty.
Now, what is the central idea here?
The poem tells us that true beauty is not only about appearance; it is also about the
balance of inner purity and outer grace. The lady Byron describes seems beautiful because
of the harmony between her looks and her character. Her face reflects innocence, kindness,
and calmness, which makes her outward beauty even brighter.
Byron compares her beauty to a starry night—a mix of light and darkness. Not too bright
like the sun, not too dark like midnight, but a perfect blend, like a peaceful night sky full of
stars. In the same way, the lady’s beauty is balanced—her fairness mixed with gentleness,
her brightness softened with calmness.
In simple terms, the central idea is:
Real beauty is not flashy or loud, but it lies in the balance of appearance and inner
goodness. The lady shines not only because of her physical features but also because her
pure heart and mind glow through her face.
So, Byron’s poem teaches us that the most charming person is not the one with the most
makeup or the fanciest clothes, but the one whose heart is as beautiful as their looks.
(ii) Theme of the Poem Mirror by Sylvia Plath
Now, let’s shift to another setting. Imagine standing in front of a mirror early in the morning.
The mirror doesn’t lie. It won’t tell you, “Oh, you look great!” if you don’t. It won’t say,
“You’re still young,” when you are growing older. It simply reflects what is there—nothing
more, nothing less.
That’s what Sylvia Plath explores in her famous poem Mirror.
The theme of this poem is truth, self-reflection, and the painful reality of aging.
In the poem, the mirror is like a living character. It speaks directly and says, “I am silver and
exact. I don’t lie.” The mirror is honest—sometimes brutally honest. Unlike friends or family,
who might try to comfort us with sweet words, the mirror only shows the truth.
But here’s where it becomes deeper. The woman who looks into the mirror is searching for
her “true self.” She wants to see beauty, youth, and charm, but the mirror shows her the
reality—she is growing older day by day. This harsh honesty of the mirror makes her sad,
but at the same time, it makes her aware of the truth.
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Sylvia Plath beautifully expresses how human beings often struggle with the truth about
themselves. People want to stay young forever, but time doesn’t stop. The mirror becomes
a symbol of time, reality, and self-examination.
So, the theme is clear:
The mirror symbolizes truth and honesty, while also highlighting the painful reality of
aging and the search for one’s true identity.
Now, Let’s Go Deeper (Storytelling Style in Detail – 1000+ Words)
Let’s imagine this whole lesson as a small story with two different rooms.
Room 1: The Room of Beauty (She Walks in Beauty)
You enter the first room. It’s dimly lit, but stars twinkle outside the window. A gentle breeze
blows, and in the center stands a woman in a simple black dress. She is not covered in gold
or diamonds, yet you can’t take your eyes off her. Her presence is like the night—calm,
peaceful, balanced.
This is exactly what Byron saw. He didn’t see a woman who was only outwardly beautiful; he
saw someone whose inner purity reflected on her face. That’s why he compares her to the
starry night sky—a mixture of brightness and calmness.
Imagine if the night were too dark—we would feel afraid. If it were too bright like day—we
would feel restless. But when night and light balance each other, it becomes soothing.
Similarly, Byron says, this lady’s beauty is the perfect balance between outer appearance
and inner goodness.
Her smile is gentle, her thoughts are pure, her heart is kind—and all of this shines through
her face. So, the poem reminds us that the real charm of a person lies not just in their looks
but in the harmony of soul and body.
Room 2: The Room of Truth (Mirror)
Now, you step into the second room. There is nothing inside except a tall, shining mirror. At
first, you think, “It’s just a mirror.” But suddenly, the mirror begins to speak. It says:
“I don’t lie. I don’t flatter. Whatever stands in front of me, I reflect exactly as it is.”
You feel a bit surprised—because unlike people who sugarcoat things, the mirror has no
emotions. It only knows truth.
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Then comes a woman who looks at herself in the mirror. At first, she seems hopeful—maybe
expecting the mirror to show her young, beautiful, and glowing. But the mirror, being
brutally honest, shows her reality: wrinkles, fading youth, and signs of aging.
The woman feels sad because the mirror doesn’t tell her what she wants to hear—it tells
her what is true.
And this is where Sylvia Plath touches a universal human feeling. Deep down, we all want to
stay young, beautiful, and full of life. But time never stops, and the mirror silently reminds
us of this truth every single day.
Thus, the theme becomes: the mirror is not just a piece of glass—it is a symbol of truth,
honesty, time, and self-realization. It reflects reality, even when we don’t want to see it.
Bringing Both Together
If you look closely, both poems, though very different, deal with the idea of reality.
• In She Walks in Beauty, the reality is that true beauty lies not in show-off or glamour
but in inner purity and balance.
• In Mirror, the reality is that truth may sometimes be harsh, like the fact that we all
grow older, whether we like it or not.
One poem celebrates beauty, while the other reveals the truth about time. One fills us with
admiration, the other with self-reflection.
4. Explain the following stanza with reference to the context:
I hold it true, whate'er befall;
I feel it, when I sorrow most;
Tis better to have loved and lost
Than never to have loved at all.
Ans: A Fresh Beginning: The Story Behind a Few Lines
Imagine someone sitting quietly near a window on a rainy evening. The sky is heavy with
clouds, the wind carries a soft chill, and the person’s mind is filled with memories—not of
success or failure, not of riches or poverty, but of love. A love that once gave them the
brightest days and also the darkest nights. And as they reflect, they whisper to themselves,
almost like a truth carved out of experience:
“It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.”
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This is not just a casual thought. It is a deep philosophy of life given to us by Alfred Lord
Tennyson, one of the most famous poets of the Victorian era. These lines come from his
great poem “In Memoriam A.H.H.”, written in memory of his closest friend Arthur Henry
Hallam, who died unexpectedly at a young age.
Now let’s unfold the meaning of the stanza step by step, like a teacher telling a story rather
than just giving notes.
The Stanza
“I hold it true, whate'er befall;
I feel it, when I sorrow most;
'Tis better to have loved and lost
Than never to have loved at all.”
Reference to the Context
This stanza comes from “In Memoriam A.H.H.”, which Tennyson wrote as a tribute to his
dearest friend, Arthur Hallam. Hallam’s death shook Tennyson deeply, and for years he
struggled with grief, questions of life, death, and faith.
The poem as a whole is not just about mourning—it is about the journey of healing, the
understanding of human emotions, and the courage to accept that love, even if it ends in
loss, is far more precious than never experiencing it at all.
In these lines, Tennyson is expressing his belief that love has an eternal value. Yes, love
brings pain when it is lost, but that pain is still better than the emptiness of never having
loved.
Explanation of Each Line
1. “I hold it true, whate'er befall;”
Here the poet declares his personal belief—“I hold it true.”
He is saying: No matter what happens in life, no matter how many sorrows come, I firmly
believe one thing.
The phrase “whate'er befall” means “whatever happens.” Life may bring happiness or
sadness, victories or failures, but through all these changes, one truth remains constant in
his heart: love is valuable.
2. “I feel it, when I sorrow most;”
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Now the poet shares something very personal. He says he feels this truth even more
strongly in times of sorrow.
When the heart is heavy with grief, when memories of the lost friend cause tears, even in
that painful moment he realizes that the pain exists only because the love was real. The
sorrow is a proof of the depth of that love.
Imagine a mother who loses her child. The grief is unbearable, but at the same time, the
love she had for the child makes her life meaningful. Without that love, she would never
have experienced such deep joy, even if it came with deep pain.
3. “’Tis better to have loved and lost”
Here comes the central idea. Tennyson says: It is better to have experienced love, even if it is
taken away by death or fate. The loss of love may hurt, but the experience of love enriches
the soul.
Think of a friendship, a bond, or even a pet we loved dearly. Losing them is painful, but we
would not wish that we had never known them. Their presence, even for a short time,
added beauty to our life.
4. “Than never to have loved at all.”
The final line completes the thought. What would life be like if one had never loved?
It would be an empty life, with no deep connections, no heartfelt emotions, no cherished
memories. To never love means to never fully live. Love, in its many forms—friendship,
family affection, romantic love—gives life its true meaning.
So, even if love ends in tears, those tears are far better than a life without love.
The Deeper Meaning: Why Love Matters
At first glance, this stanza looks like just a consolation. But if we dig deeper, it reveals a
universal truth about human life:
1. Love gives purpose to life. Without love, life becomes mechanical and dull.
2. Sorrow is proof of love. We only feel pain because we cared deeply.
3. Loss does not erase love. Memories live on, and they continue to inspire us.
4. Love makes us human. It teaches us kindness, empathy, and sacrifice.
Tennyson is telling us that pain should not make us regret love. Instead, we should be
grateful for the moments we shared, even if they are gone.
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Story Analogy
Let’s imagine two different people:
• Person A lives a cautious life. They avoid deep attachments because they fear
heartbreak. They never truly connect with anyone. Their life is safe, but empty—like
a house with walls but no light.
• Person B opens their heart freely. They make friends, love deeply, and cherish
relationships. One day, they lose someone they love. The pain is real and sharp, but
their memories are filled with warmth. Even in sorrow, their life is meaningful.
Tennyson is suggesting that Person B has lived a richer, fuller life. Pain is the price of love,
but it is a price worth paying.
Why These Lines Are Still Relevant Today
Even though Tennyson wrote these words in the 19th century, they feel timeless. Why?
Because love and loss are experiences that every generation, every human being, goes
through.
• Students feel it when they part from their school friends.
• Families feel it when children grow up and move away.
• Lovers feel it when they separate.
• All of us feel it when we lose someone dear to us.
These lines act like a gentle reminder: Don’t regret the love that ended. Be thankful it
happened.
Universal Application
We can apply this idea not only to relationships but also to life experiences:
• A traveler who sees the world, even if the journey ends, has memories forever.
• A musician who plays passionately, even if the concert ends, still treasures the music.
• A student who studies hard, even if exams are tough, carries knowledge with them.
In the same way, love, though temporary in form, leaves behind something permanent in
the heart.
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SECTION-C
5. Write a letter to the Editor of the Newspaper describing the impact of Demonetization
on Punjab Economy.
Ans: To The Editor The Tribune Chandigarh
Subject: Impact of Demonetization on Punjab’s Economy
Sir/Madam,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to highlight the significant impact
that the demonetization of ₹500 and ₹1,000 notes in November 2016 had on the economy
of Punjab.
In our largely agrarian state, the sudden withdrawal of high-value currency notes created
immediate cash shortages. Farmers, especially in rural areas, faced delays in sowing
operations due to the inability to purchase seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs on time.
Labourers, many of whom are paid daily wages in cash, struggled to meet basic needs; long
queues outside banks and ATMs became a common sight, with over 80% of rural labourer
families reporting difficulty in paying for essentials1.
Small businesses, mandis, and transporters also suffered as transactions slowed, and many
were forced to operate on credit. While the move did encourage a shift towards digital
payments, the adoption was uneven, with rural areas lacking adequate infrastructure.
Psychological stress was another hidden cost — reports indicated increased anxiety,
reduced social spending, and even disruption in children’s education due to delayed fee
payments.
Although demonetization aimed to curb black money and promote a cashless economy,
many in Punjab felt its benefits did not match the hardships endured. In future, such
measures should be implemented with better preparation, awareness campaigns, and
support systems to protect vulnerable sections of society.
Yours faithfully,
[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[Date]
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6. Write an application for the post of Business Researcher in a Multi National Company.
Ans: Full Sample Application
Rohit Kumar
123, Green Valley Apartments
New Delhi – 110001
Email: rohitkumar@gmail.com
Phone: 9876543210
Date: 19th August 2025
The HR Manager
Global Research Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Connaught Place, New Delhi
Subject: Application for the Post of Business Researcher
Respected Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my keen interest in the position of Business Researcher in your
esteemed multinational company. I recently completed my Master’s in Business
Administration with a specialization in Marketing and Business Analytics, and I am confident
that my academic knowledge, research skills, and dedication make me a strong candidate
for this role.
During my academic journey, I actively worked on research projects involving consumer
behaviour analysis, competitive benchmarking, and market forecasting. One of my key
projects was a detailed study on the adoption of digital payment systems in semi-urban
India. This not only sharpened my data interpretation and survey-designing skills but also
taught me how business research can influence strategic decisions at both local and global
levels.
Apart from academic research, I interned with XYZ Pvt. Ltd., where I assisted the market
research team in preparing industry reports, identifying market trends, and analyzing
competitor strategies. These experiences have honed my ability to work with large datasets,
use statistical tools effectively, and present insights in a clear, actionable format.
What excites me most about your organization is its global presence and emphasis on
research-driven solutions. I believe my curiosity for understanding market dynamics,
combined with my ability to simplify complex data, will allow me to make a meaningful
contribution to your projects. I am eager to join a team that values innovation and critical
thinking.
I would be truly grateful if I am given the opportunity to discuss how my skills align with
your organization’s goals. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the
possibility of contributing to your company’s success as a Business Researcher.
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Yours faithfully,
Rohit Kumar
SECTION-D
7. Write a Resume for the job of a CEO in a Multi National Company.
Ans: Arjun Mehta
New Delhi, India | +91 98765 43210 | arjun.mehta@email.com
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/arjunmehta | www.arjunmehta.com
Professional Summary
Dynamic and visionary leader with 20+ years of progressive experience in multinational
corporations across Technology, FMCG, and Financial Services. Proven track record of
driving business growth, leading digital transformation, and building high-performance
teams. Adept at global market expansion, strategic partnerships, and delivering shareholder
value. Recognized for turning underperforming divisions into profitable ventures and
fostering a culture of innovation and sustainability.
Core Competencies
• Strategic Leadership & Vision
• Global Market Expansion
• Mergers & Acquisitions
• Digital Transformation & Innovation
• Financial Planning & Risk Management
• Stakeholder & Investor Relations
• Organizational Restructuring
• Sustainability & Corporate Governance
Professional Experience
GlobalTech Industries Ltd. – Singapore
Chief Operating Officer (COO) | 2018 – Present
• Spearheaded digital transformation initiatives, resulting in a 35% increase in
operational efficiency.
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• Expanded business into 5 new international markets, boosting annual revenue by
$250M.
• Led restructuring efforts that reduced costs by 18% while improving employee
engagement.
FutureBrands Pvt. Ltd. – India
Managing Director (MD) | 2012 – 2018
• Oversaw a portfolio worth $1.2B, achieving double-digit growth for 6 consecutive
years.
• Executed acquisition of two regional competitors, strengthening market dominance.
• Developed sustainability initiatives that reduced carbon footprint by 22%.
FinServe Global Solutions – UK
Vice President – Business Strategy | 2006 – 2012
• Directed strategic planning for European and Asian markets.
• Negotiated multi-million-dollar joint ventures, increasing global market share.
• Mentored future leaders through structured leadership programs.
Education
• MBA (Finance & Strategy) – INSEAD Business School, France
• Bachelor of Commerce (Honors) – University of Delhi, India
Achievements & Recognitions
• Awarded “Global Business Leader of the Year” – World Business Forum (2021).
• Featured in Forbes Asia – Top 50 Influential Leaders (2020).
• Keynote speaker at Harvard Business Summit (2019).
Board Memberships
• Member, World Economic Forum – Business Strategy Council.
• Board Director, Global Sustainability Network.
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8. Write down a report on the decline in Business during Covid 19 in Punjab.
Ans: Report on the Decline in Business during Covid-19 in Punjab
When we look back at the years 2020 and 2021, it almost feels like remembering a strange
movie where the entire world suddenly came to a standstill. Streets that were once filled
with the hustle and bustle of shopkeepers, the noise of auto-rickshaws, the fragrance of
food stalls, and the cheerful chatter of customers suddenly went silent. Punjab, a land
known for its hardworking farmers, vibrant industries, and lively markets, was no exception.
The Covid-19 pandemic struck like an unexpected storm, and within weeks, the business
landscape of Punjab was deeply shaken.
A Sudden Silence in the Markets
Imagine walking into a busy bazaar of Ludhiana or Amritsar before the pandemic. Shops of
garments, electronics, sweet shops, dhabas, and local vendors would all be full of people
bargaining, purchasing, and enjoying. But during the lockdown, the same places appeared
deserted. Shutters were down, carts were empty, and vendors sat anxiously, waiting for a
miracle. This sudden silence was not just about empty roads—it was about thousands of
families losing their daily earnings.
Punjab has always been famous for its industries like textiles in Ludhiana, sports goods in
Jalandhar, hosiery items, and agricultural machinery. But with supply chains broken,
factories closed, and exports restricted, these industries saw their production fall to record
lows. Businessmen, who once dealt in lakhs and crores, were struggling to pay wages to
their workers.
The Impact on Small Businesses
While large industries faced heavy losses, the most heartbreaking stories came from small
shopkeepers and street vendors. For example, a tea seller near a school in Patiala, who
earned his living from students and teachers, suddenly found no one to serve. A small dhaba
owner near the highway, who fed tired travelers, saw empty roads and no customers. Daily
wage earners, barbers, tailors, and rickshaw pullers were the worst hit because they lived on
“earn today, eat today.” For them, the lockdown was not just about safety from a virus—it
was about survival.
Agriculture and Farmers’ Struggles
Punjab is often called the “Granary of India,” and agriculture is the backbone of its economy.
During Covid-19, even farmers faced unusual challenges. Though farming continued, the
supply chains to mandis (grain markets) were disturbed. Farmers struggled to sell their
wheat, rice, and vegetables because transportation was limited, and buyers were few.
Perishable goods like fruits and vegetables rotted in fields or godowns, causing farmers to
bear heavy losses.
Moreover, migrant laborers who usually came to Punjab for harvesting and sowing had
returned to their states due to the lockdown. This left farmers helpless in completing their
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agricultural activities on time. The government tried to support them, but the financial
stress was real and severe.
Decline in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector
Punjab also attracts many tourists, especially in Amritsar, where people from across the
world come to visit the Golden Temple and Wagah Border. But during Covid, tourism almost
died. Hotels, restaurants, taxis, and guides—all were left with no work. Wedding halls and
banquet facilities, which otherwise stayed packed in Punjab’s marriage-loving culture, were
completely closed. Imagine a state where weddings are usually celebrated with grandeur,
suddenly forced to have ceremonies with just a handful of people. The loss to the hospitality
industry was massive.
The Emotional Side of the Decline
Beyond statistics and figures, the decline in business during Covid-19 also brought an
emotional storm for people. Many businessmen had to shut down shops they had been
running for decades. Workers who once proudly earned and sent money home had to
depend on free food and ration. Families struggled to pay rent, children’s school fees, and
medical bills. The fear of the virus and the stress of unemployment created an atmosphere
of uncertainty and sadness.
Digital Shift – A Silver Lining
However, as in every dark cloud, there was a silver lining. Some businesses in Punjab began
to adapt to digital platforms. Shopkeepers started selling clothes and accessories online.
Restaurants turned to home delivery apps. Even vegetable sellers began taking orders on
WhatsApp. Educational institutions also shifted to online classes. Though this was a small
relief and not everyone could benefit, it showed the resilience and creativity of Punjabis in
times of crisis.
Government Efforts
The Punjab government announced several relief measures, including providing free ration,
financial support to the poor, and loans for small businesses. Some tax relaxations were also
introduced to reduce the burden. NGOs and local communities also played a big role by
distributing food packets, masks, and sanitizers to the needy. However, despite these
efforts, the magnitude of the economic decline was so large that it will take years to fully
recover.
Long-Term Consequences
The impact of Covid-19 on Punjab’s business world is not just a story of temporary loss.
Many small businesses permanently closed, unemployment rose, and many skilled workers
moved to other professions. Industries that once exported goods worldwide struggled to
regain their global buyers. The education gap created during this time also affected the
workforce’s skill development.
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But on the positive side, the crisis also taught the importance of adaptability. Many
entrepreneurs realized that depending on one source of income is risky. They began
diversifying their businesses. The importance of saving, digital literacy, and health security
became clear to both businessmen and common people.
Conclusion
The decline in business during Covid-19 in Punjab is a chapter that will be remembered in
history for a long time. It was not just about losses in rupees and dollars, but about the
struggles of ordinary people, the empty markets, the shut factories, and the broken dreams.
Yet, it is also a story of courage, where people supported each other, adapted to digital
ways, and slowly began rebuilding their lives.
Punjab, with its spirit of resilience and determination, is gradually recovering. The pandemic
showed us that businesses may fall, markets may close, but the spirit of the people—the will
to rise again—can never be defeated.
“This paper has been carefully prepared for educational purposes. If you notice any mistakes or
have suggestions, feel free to share your feedback.”
